Saturday, December 28, 2019

Antebellum Slavery And The American Revolution - 879 Words

American slavery was something that not only mentally challenging, but it was physically demanding as well. Many slaves did not have the luxury of a â€Å"kind† master, and many were mistreatment from birth. Slaves fought masters, and master fought slaves without regard to the human condition. Antebellum slavery was different than past form of American slavery, because slaves had gained a taste of the ideas that were spread from the American Revolution. These idea played a big role in slaves wanting freedom, and doing anything to get it. Antebellum slavery, if it were defined in three simple words, would be categorized as; misleading, ruthless, and resistance. I have chosen these three words, because the give the essence of antebellum slavery, and show the underlying theme of the time period. The first word to focus on is misleading, and the general assumption that slaves were happy. Due the general degree of punishment that was experienced by slaves, most slave told their masters what they wanted to hear. This aspect of antebellum slavery cause much distrust and disdain between slaves and masters. In the discussion document Slaves Tell Master What Masters Want to hear by James Henry Hammond, he says that slaves are so fearful of master that they never fully express their true opinions (Slaves Tell; page 374). James goes on to say that this reality was made southerners believe that they were just in the treatment of their slaves (Slaves Tell; page 375). The biggest takeawayShow MoreRelatedAntebellum Slavery And The American Revolution885 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican slavery was something that was not only mentally challenging, but it was physically demanding as well. Many slaves did not have the luxury of a â€Å"kind† master, and many were mistreatment from bir th. Slaves fought masters, and master fought slaves without regard to the human condition. Antebellum slavery was different than past forms of American slavery, because slaves had gained a taste of the ideas that were spread from the American Revolution. These idea played a big role in slaves wantingRead MoreThe Effects Of Slavery In Soul By Soul By Walter Johnson1250 Words   |  5 Pagesreferring to the history Antebellum America, the two things that shape our country are the expansion of slavery and the expansion of the Market Revolution. In the novel Soul by Soul, by Walter Johnson, the author exploits the effects of slavery on the people involved with slave trade in the south. It also shows the reader just how vital slavery is to the Market Revolution, and how the consumers culture, in turn, shaped personal identities. Both slavery and the Market Revolution shaped presidentialRead MoreAntebellum Period And American History1548 Words   |  7 PagesAntebellum Period, Art The Antebellum period is generally spoken of as the years arranging from the acquisition of the Constitution, all the way to the American Civil War. This is a period in American history that is remarkable for its incredible magnitude of changes in the country’s history; industrial revolution, westward expansion, women’s history, and transportation revolution to name a few. Leaving aside all the rebellions, treaty’s, and massacres. The pages to follow will mainly focus on theRead MoreThe Revolution Of The New World Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pagesinnovations of the antebellum period onto the Civil War, a multitude of opportunities swelled as time progressed for various ethnicities during the time periods of America. During the colonial period, new land, resources and revolutionizing means of trading expanded potential for the Europeans. The revolutionary period offered a new meaning to opportunity to a different gender and race as many sought for the same rights a nd prospects as granted to that of the European men. Lastly the antebellum period, fromRead MoreSlavery Was The Engine Of American Economic Growth1420 Words   |  6 PagesThere is no doubt that slavery was the engine of American economic growth. United States of America experienced an economical revolution during the slave era and slavery was one of the main factors that contributed to that. As slavers took African slaves for granted and used them to satisfy their economic purposes. Surely it will make sense. Slave labor benefited the economy in many ways, such as agriculture, construction, slave owners and slave trade. We will start with how the Atlantic slaveRead MoreThe Role Women Played in the Social Reform Movements of the Antebellum Period1557 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role Women Played in the Social Reform Movements of the Antebellum Period Comprehending the lives of American women and their roles is fundamental for understanding the entire antebellum period in America. The period 1820 to 1870 in the United States was marked by a forceful and widespread debate on womans roles and their proper vocation whether this be in the home or outside the home and becoming wage earners.This was, however, still a time in which females were Read MoreSimilarities And Differences Between The North And The South During Antebellum1120 Words   |  5 PagesSouth during Antebellum The Antebellum period in the United States history was considered as time between 1820 and 1862. During this period, significant changes took place in terms of political, social and economic effects in America. The United States economy was changed from an underdeveloped country of frontiersmen and farmers into an industrialized economy. The South American depended on agriculture while the Northern part had many industries. The two parts differed in terms of slavery policiesRead MoreRed, White, and Black Essay1123 Words   |  5 Pagesexcluded African and Native Americans. The institution of slavery was a return investment venture for southern planters in their greed for the production of more staple crops. Many white Americans led extravagant lifestyles from the large incomes they received from the labors of their property. Also, the controversy over removing the Native American’s from their lands portrayed the voracity in which the European Americans afflicted upon the nati ve civilizations during the antebellum United States. The IndianRead More Antebellum Slavery: The Great North-South Divide781 Words   |  4 Pagesthe case after the American Revolution. As what is known as the antebellum period began, the American Nation was divided into the North and South by many issues but most economic issues arising from western expansion and slavery. While the North had abolished slavery, the South insisted on slavery for the cultivation of their cash crops especially cotton. The south had religious and racial justifications for the institution of slavery and even went so far as to proclaim slavery was for the slave’sRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1439 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the American Civil War began in the spring of 1861, those flocking to enlistment stations in states both north and south chiefly defined their cause as one of preservation. From Maine to Minnesota, young men joined up to preserve the Union. From Virginia to Texas, their future foes on the battlefield enlisted to preserve a social order, a social order at its core built on the institution of slavery and racial superiority . Secession had not been framed by prominent Southerners like Robert Toombs

Friday, December 20, 2019

The Iconic Figure, John F. Kennedy, An American President

The iconic figure, John F. Kennedy, an American president of the United States, once famously said, The goal of education is the advancement of knowledge and the dissemination of truth. Education is the single most important factor in the development of a country. When I started thinking about why education is so important, I remembered my high school years when I enrolled in Robert A. Millikan High School in Long Beach, California. It was there, where I was amazed by academia – a rigorous community concerned with research, education, and scholarship. Education gives us our general surroundings and changes it is better. It helps us build a unique perspective on knowledge. It helps us manufacture assessments and perspectives on things in†¦show more content†¦The greatest minds in the world work hard constantly to be the individual they visualized to be. I admired many great leaders that work hard for social change. For example, many of those intellectual idols were Mah atma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., Albert Einstein, and Galileo Galilei. They inspired me to change the world and free people for the better. Their research had a global impact that changes thousands of lives for many years to come. Working hard to achieve a goal in academics was a prime component of my success in high school. The education system is the science of constructing a hardiness self, it develops the resilience one need to achieve indestructible happiness. To discover such quality, in any case, one requires smart insight. The high purpose of human potential as a student gave me the confidence to make school my first priority. The brain provides the tools one has to build up that confronts all conditions terrific and terrible alike with great ease in a formal education. The three steps are principles outlined in a human to attain quick-witted behavior changes that are as followed: studying, academic program, and soccer. The teaching method merits perceiving in view of its capacity to change people into masterminds ready to battle for their freedom. First, Studying was a reason that helps me thrive in a classroom by working hard. There are many methods to study. It provides the guidelines one must adhere to forShow MoreRelatedJohn F. Kennedy : The Man Behind The President1561 Words   |  7 PagesJohn F. Kennedy: The Man behind the President John F. Kennedy changed America in a way in which no President had done before. His election was the beginning of a term that would be one of the most memorable and one of the most tragic in the history of United States Presidents. However, to fully understand John F. Kennedy’s term, and why it was so influential, we must first look into who he was as a person. The understanding of John F. Kennedy can be found in his childhood, his presidency, his deathRead MoreKameron Harris. Mrs. Thompson. Hist 102-10. 2 May 2017.824 Words   |  4 PagesConspiracy Behind the Legacy Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy were two America’s greatest presidents. Many know Abraham Lincoln as the 16th President of America, face of US currency such as the bronze penny and five-dollar bill, and the President who freed the slaves. JFK was the 35th President of America, household favorite, and the President who saved the world from nuclear destruction. But deep inside the walls of the White House, the two Presidents had other motives for that occurred during theirRead MoreHigh Artistic Merit Films Exude Special Effects That Take Hollywood By Storm Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesHigh artistic merit films exude special effects that take Hollywood by storm. The American Film Institute lists Forrest Gump as one of the greatest American films of all time. Released in 1994 by Paramount Pictures, Forrest Gump tells the story of a Southern, mentally challenged man named Forrest Gump who experiences many tribulations in his life, such as having a low IQ of 75 and wearing b races on his leg as a child. Throughout the plot of the film, Forrest adheres to a signature phrase coined byRead MoreThe Legacy Of John F. Kennedy1429 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy was the youngest president of the United States of America in history. He also the second son of Joseph and Rose Kennedy. He was American politician who served the U.S as a president from Jan 1961 until he was murdered in Dallas, Texas Nov 1963. When he was child John F. Kennedy had everything that a child could dream of, because his father was a billionaire. However JFK studied and graduated from Harvard in 1940. Three years later he volunteered in the U.S military. AfterRead MoreThe Assassination of Kennedy and The Conspiracies Surrounding It1530 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy was made president January of 1961. The people of America adored him and his wife, Jacqueline. However, on November 22, 1963, Kennedy was shot and killed while riding in the back of his car through Dallas, Texas. The audience of the parade he was in had to watch in horror as their idol died in front of them. He was 46 years old. We grew being told in school that the man who shot John F. Kennedy was Lee Harvey Oswald. However, as I grew older I started learning moreRead MoreJohn Dallek s An Unfinished Life3220 Words   |  13 PagesBiography: John Dallek’s An Unfinished Life: John F. Kennedy John Dallek’s authorship has intensively inquired about many presidents, evaluating their entire lives, personal and political. With his work comprising of many presidential biographies, Dallek has payed tribute to one man who consistently tops the charts of America’s Favorite President on frequent; the dearly beloved President John Fitzgerald Kennedy. Serving from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963, Kennedy had a largeRead MoreIs The Movie Thirteen Days History or Entertainment1990 Words   |  8 Pagesthe perspective of the US political leadership, specifically Special Assistant to the president Kenny O’Donnell, President John F. Kennedy and the Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy. This film is not based on the book of the same name written by Robert F. Kennedy like the first docudrama film about the Cuban Missile Crisis, The Missiles of October; this film was meticulously researched and was based on The Kennedy Tapes: inside the white house during the Cuban Missile Crisis which was written by ErnestRead MoreMedia Events : British Vs. American Television2479 Words   |  10 Pages201510394 Dr. Kleinecke-Bates Is Television History? April 5, 2016 Media Events: British vs. American Television has held a common place in the households of western civilizations for well over 50 years now, but historically speaking, it s only been recently that people have really begun to study television. Such studies have really started to be taken seriously and the audiences of television are also being compared and seen in different ways than they were in the past. Some of the studies concentrateRead MoreThe Day Was September 5th 19541788 Words   |  8 Pageswould later be named â€Å"That’s All Right†, but trying to get something new out of it, a new type of sound, something the world hadn’t heard before and something the world probably wouldn’t be ready for. They worked in the studio for hours trying to figure out a new sound that would be popular and change the face of music. Phillips had almost given up that night, he called for a break of the session (Littleton, 2014). During that break the three men in the studio started goofing around with their musicRead MoreThe Impact Of Rock And Roll On Society1717 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United States is not always discussed but had a very important impact on the development of this ever-growing genre. This transplanted African music wasn t exactly boogie-woogie or jazz, but it did have several characteristics which survive in American music today (Palmer, 1980). This music usually included a song leader who would be paired with an answering chorus or a solo instrument with an ensemble. This would usually be arranged in a call-and response fashion and it sometimes attained remarkable

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Accounting Theory Ontology and Epistemology

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Theory for Ontology and Epistemology . Answer: Introduction The paper examines the ontology and epistemology of positive research and compared the same with positive accounting research to draw references and conclusions about the relationship between human behaviors and accounting settings in the society. The aim of the paper is to undertake a testing by the statistical and hypothesis methods and enable drawing of meaningful conclusions. The aim of the critics is to bring to limelight the shortcomings and flaws in the research models and techniques, each of which is discussed with a sufficient number of results of regression and coefficients and this is the main argument of the paper. Positive accounting is widely practiced these days and so whether it is achieving its aims and objectives would be worth testing. The illustrations from a few good papers are considered and discussed. The real potential of positive accounting might be liberated in the Kuhnian crisis and revolution, the prospects of which are discussed. The discussion of the pro spect gives a glaring example of the current scenario. In a nutshell, the critics justify the real reasons as to why positive accounting research has not been able to achieve its full potential (Fogarty Markarian, 2007). Moreover, this also sheds light on the shortcomings of positive accounting. It is widely said that human being is a rational animal. So human behaviors react based on the circumstances and situations and this does not guarantee a same human reaction even in two similar situations. The main argument of this paper is based on this human behavior and the inquiry built on a scientific research project. The beliefs of various religions are examined and the scientific research has concluded that the world is rationally comprehensible (Spiceland et. al, 2011). The application of scientific research in accounting and the deficiencies in its implementation are discussed. The paper aims at increasing the effectiveness of the positive research by offering some suggestions. The examples from a few relevant research models are presented (Ashton et. al, 2004). Such examples come as an eye opener. These approaches assume that humans act rationally but not in all cases. Hence, this is subjected to some limitation. Fukuyama also suggests that the fundamental concept of a rat ional human behavior is true in 80% of the cases. The end results and expectations are significant. Thus this shows hoe some faulty management decisions are being carried out despite pointing out of the same by the auditors. Hence, it is clear that the management does not completely take into consideration all the fundamentals provided by the auditors and hence, the results carry some deficiencies (Lapsley, 2012). The statistical and hypothesis methods are used to test the different situations of reactions of auditors in real time based on the rationality of human being assumption. But all this has largely failed to explain the real reasons behind the same. The results of these hypothesis methods are largely dependent on the samples selected and hence it fails to achieve its objective. It gets reduced to mere statements that establish relationships between to variables though in real time there are a lot of factors and not just two variables (Frankel et. al, 2002). The fundamental requirement would be to test theories competing against each other rather than testing a single theory for different conditions or hypothesis. Testing different theories will become significant as it will help in determining the status and will lead to a projection of the real scenario (Davila Foster, 2007). This paper focuses that there is a need for better theoretical models that are taken more seriously and are highly specified and highly vulnerable. Apart from this, measurement methods have to be better to enable rigorous testing. The testing should be error free and this can be done when models are effective in nature. Reliable relationships with proxies have to be established which will lead to better linear relationships and establishment of measurement concepts. This will ensure that research papers do not focus on hypothesis testing alone. This leads to a major shift towards the estimation of parameters. Thus the development of measurement concepts is seen as the new way of a disciplined research activity. The results of all this will yield fruits if there is extensive replication, both to confirm the accuracy of the measurements and to explore the limitations of the research. The research question in this article is to examine the effectiveness of positive accounting research and whether there exists any logic or set of predefined notions based on which accountants and auditors act. This is debated both for and against, the critics occupying a major part, though. The hypothesis tested is by taking samples of audit fees charged against the complexity of the audits and the size of the audit firm. This quantitative research tests the basis on which the audit fees are charged, presentation strategies by auditors and use of regression techniques which also form a part of the hypothesis. Type I errors are identified in this model due to the high level of misspecification. The qualitative research tests whether auditors merely fill in the results in the theoretical framework or also test the validity and relevance of the same for the current project. Thus the critical research analysis proves that the hypothesis and testing can never be fool proof and practicall y feasible. The aim of the hypothesis is only to prove that the null hypothesis is wrong though the results are largely based on the sample. Hence this appears to be no closer to reality. This evidences that hypothesis testing provides weak evidence in support of the alternative hypothesis. This leads us to doubt the established facts though we are grossly unaware about which of the facts are true and which not. Thus the value of hypothesis is not very significant in the positive accounting research. Thus the literature review of the paper is to test whether positive accounting research is meeting its aims and objectives and the qualitative and quantitative research models are a reminder of the fact that seeing theories succeed is almost astounding. In short, the entire focus is on positive accounting. Theoretical Framework: It is the varying behavior of the accounting firms and auditors that lead to this research and hypothesis. The overall framework of the accountancy profession is dependent and governed by a set of rules to be followed like accounting standards, so on and so forth. Still, the deviation from these standards and different behaviors in similar situations is the driving force behind this research (Tinker et. al, 1982). The research acts as a bridge that will help in solving various situations. The theoretical substance of the paper is to test the effectiveness of positive accounting research and statistical and hypothesis methods are used for the same. It would be pertinent to mention that statistical methods have its own shortcomings and it is largely governed by the hypothesis conditions decided as the null hypothesis and the probabilities of the occurrence. The results of this hypothesis are widely dependent upon the samples chosen which might not necessarily be a true reflective of the entire population. In short, the selection of the samples might not lead to a fruitful result because a said sample cannot be an indicator of the entire population. Hence, it suffers from this limitation. Another drawback of the hypothesis is that only one alternative hypothesis is considered and if it is weak, then it might be consistent with different theories. The Significance and Limitations of the Article: The limitations of the testing methods and hypothesis are well explained in the earlier sections. To overcome these deficiencies, a more practical approach has to be adopted. The deficiencies of the testing methods are in fact well recognized by the author as the critic of the concept is presented by the findings of various authors. The author draws theoretical conclusions from the research by using the statistical methods that positive accounting research is not achieving its aims and objectives. The results of the hypothesis prove the rational behavior of accountants and auditors who react based on facts and circumstances (Francis, 2006). These limitations give us a feel that the testing methodologies are a mere eyewash and do not lead to any meaningful conclusions that could contribute to the growth of positive accounting research. It would be pertinent to note that though the article discusses at length the limitations of the hypothesis methods, it not reduce the significance as the author has also made a serious attempt to provide solutions for a successful positive research program like using vulnerable models that are stringently tested, use of analytical modeling, a focus on measurement rather than testing, replication and more replication (Antle et. al, 2006). The article further goes down to explain why things are like this and the existence of constraints, what it takes to make a theoretically strong framework. Conclusion The paper focuses on the fact that if positive accounting research is having deficiencies, it would not be justified to say that a paper should not be published highlighting its anomaly. It is a clear cut fact that positive accounting is not free from limitation and considering the practice it looks difficult in practice. The fact that this hypothesis and testing is showing results of anomaly is representative of the fact that further research in possibly the right direction is likely to occur which will improve the quality of positive accounting research and contribute largely to the profession of accounting and auditing. Acknowledging the fact that accounting is always subject to measurement error, statistics has a role to play but the problem is that it is being wrongly used and hence an efficient positive accounting research should aim at estimation. Moreover, the sample size cannot be a representation of the entire population hence; there appears a big difference (Carol et. al, 2016). Hence, this is one of the difficult scenarios that is faced while doing the research. Positive accounting research has got meaningful contributions to make for the understanding of human behavior and the accounting it encompasses. However, its current results are based on statistics that are difficult to interpret as it differs from sample to sample. Positive accounting research is also currently dependent upon theories that are not challenged as its applicability is assumed to exist rather than being experienced and evidenced (Watts Supreme, 1986). It proves that though deficiencies exist in the social systems, it does not limit the scope of research and does not preclude the adoption of a better social system with the advancing technologies and knowledge. With a better plan and implementation positive accounting can prove to be better practice and hence, can lead to a sound practice. References Antle, R., Gordon, E., Narayanamoorthy, G., Zhou, L 2006, The joint de-termination of audit fees, non-audit fees, and abnormal accruals, Review of Quantitative Finance Accounting vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 235-266. Ashton, D., Dunmore, P., Tippett, M 2004, Double-entry bookkeeping and the distributional properties of a financial ratio, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 583-606. Carol, A.A, Brad, P, Prakash J. S, Jodi Y 2016, Exploring the implications of integrated reporting for social investment (disclosures), The British Accounting Review, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 283296 Davila, A Foster, G., 2007, Management control systems in early-stage startup companies, The Accounting Review vol. 82, no. 4, pp. 907- 937. Fogarty, T. J Markarian, G 2007, An empirical assessment of the rise and fall of accounting as an academic discipline, Issues in Accounting Education vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 137- 161. Francis, J. R 2006, Are auditors compromised by audit services? Assessing the evidence, Contemporary Accounting Research vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 747- 760. Frankel, R. M., Johnson, M. F., Nelson, K. K 2002, The relation between auditors' fees for non audit services and earnings management, Accounting Review vol. 77, no. 4, pp. 71. Lapsley, I. 2012, Commentary: Financial Accountability Management, Qualitative Research in Accounting Management, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 291-292. Spiceland, J., Thomas, W. Herrmann, D 2011, Financial accounting, New York: McGraw Tinker, T, B. Merino, Neimark M 1982, The Normative Origins of Positive Theories: Ideology and Accounting Thought, Accounting, Organizations and Society vol. 2, pp. 167200. Watts, R. Supreme J 1986, Positive Accounting Theory, Edgewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Defining the Humanities Essay Example For Students

Defining the Humanities Essay Humanities is the study of human culture through being analytical. In the humanities are language, history, philosophy, religion and the arts. The analyzing of these subjects helps to understand and mold humanities. It is a very widespread subject that covers multiple little subjects and time periods. These include the Medieval, the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, and the Modern, just to name a few. All these time periods had multiple elements that made each of them unique. Some things include the different philosophers who helped create the ideas for that time period, the different rulers of the countries of power, the teachings, the literature people read, and the multiple types of art as well. Humanities is a combination of everything that has been studied to create culture and what culture means today and how it is constantly being developed and changed and thought about by the new generations and periods of the day. Art is thought process put down on a canvas for others to interpret for themselves. The different types of classifications of art help make it easier or harder to decipher a piece of art’s message. When surrealism was big, it was harder to figure out what the painter was trying to portray and many would say that it is not art at all, but yet they would still buy it and one day it would be famous. Many of the famous paintings today were not popular during their time period and most of the artists were considered crazy for their paintings. Yet today, after they are dead their paintings are priceless. There is always one question though, what makes it art? That is a hard answer to define; it is just about as easy as defining love and beauty. The closest we can get to a definition is that it is infinite and it has infinite possibilities from one’s own interpretation, and that is exactly what art is, one’s own interpretation of whether or not it fits into the category of art. Style is the factor that makes something what it is. For example, the different genres of music. They are all defined as types of music but then they are classified under the specific type of music. This is based on rhythm, lyrics, instruments, and other factors. Just like music has a style so does art. The types of brush strokes, the theme of the painting, the colors, and shapes, all factor in to what particular style of art a painting is. Style also refers to the way in which one dresses. For the different time periods there was a different style of clothing that went along with each. It also varied with what class you belonged to, whether it is servant or king. Style can also refer to literature and the way an author writes. The different time periods revealed different styles of writing as well. For example, the Romantic period was all about nature and finding peace in nature, whereas the Enlightenment was all about science and knowledge and when a lot of philosophical writing emerged. Just like art, style has a wide variety of subjects it helps define and give shape. Genius is someone who is absolutely mad with ideas and knowledge. Some of the people we consider to be geniuses now, were also the craziest and outcast people of their time. They were shunned for having such crazy ideas and even put to death. Galileo discovered that the Earth and the planets revolved around the sun, but people thought he was crazy because he went against authority and so they shunned him and put him on house arrest until he died. Then there was Sigmund Freud who developed the ideas of the unconscious mind. .ub207a42ac64426dea97c2a4c64fae4c4 , .ub207a42ac64426dea97c2a4c64fae4c4 .postImageUrl , .ub207a42ac64426dea97c2a4c64fae4c4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub207a42ac64426dea97c2a4c64fae4c4 , .ub207a42ac64426dea97c2a4c64fae4c4:hover , .ub207a42ac64426dea97c2a4c64fae4c4:visited , .ub207a42ac64426dea97c2a4c64fae4c4:active { border:0!important; } .ub207a42ac64426dea97c2a4c64fae4c4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub207a42ac64426dea97c2a4c64fae4c4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub207a42ac64426dea97c2a4c64fae4c4:active , .ub207a42ac64426dea97c2a4c64fae4c4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub207a42ac64426dea97c2a4c64fae4c4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub207a42ac64426dea97c2a4c64fae4c4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub207a42ac64426dea97c2a4c64fae4c4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub207a42ac64426dea97c2a4c64fae4c4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub207a42ac64426dea97c2a4c64fae4c4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub207a42ac64426dea97c2a4c64fae4c4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub207a42ac64426dea97c2a4c64fae4c4 .ub207a42ac64426dea97c2a4c64fae4c4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub207a42ac64426dea97c2a4c64fae4c4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Superoutbreak of 1974 EssayPeople did not believe his ideas and yet today they are being taught in psychology class because the man was a genius and knew what he was talking about when it came to dreams. Genius does not mean that a person is popular or has a lot of money, but they are so engulfed in learning and in knowledge that their brain is filled with ideas and things that no one would think of. To be genius is to be mad. Culture is the background, history, and tradition that make a group of people or a person. There are multiple different cultures that make up every country and every state. They all date back to the beginnings of our ancestors, and have been forming long before history has recorded. Culture helps mold people into different individuals and gives them a background to grow from. It helps define who a person is. It is the different types of people that make up the world and make it diverse. If it were not for culture everyone would be the same. There would be no difference between everyone and nothing to make someone stand out or be different.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

The US

Abstract China and United States are among the largest nations on earth. China is a country found in Asia just along the Pacific Ocean and is the third largest country in the globe. Moreover, it is the most populated country in the world with over 1.3 billion people. Her land size is 3,705,407 square miles.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The US-China Trade specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, United States is a country found in the Western, Northern and Eastern hemisphere. It is slightly bigger than China with land size of 3,794,100 square miles. Additionally, it has a population of 307 million people. Despite their geographic positions, the two countries are major trade partners. Undoubtedly, international trade plays an important role in uplifting the economic standards of countries. Different countries collaborate to create markets for the exchange of goods and services. For example, t rade relationship between China and the United States of America dates back to the early days of America’s Independence. In fact, after the Second World War, China became the leading trading partner of the United States. However, upon the foundation of the Republic of China in 1949, trading activities between the two nations has had troubles. This study examines the trade links between these two countries. Additionally, the study involves the review of trade policies, treaties, and even sanctions that enhance trade. This study reveals that, since then, trade sanctions have remained part of the US-China economic and business relations. However, the sanctions have assumed different forms on dissimilar levels of sternness and times (Louis and Bull 127). Introduction The United States imposed selective controls of trade with China immediately after the communist forces won the civil war in 1949. The government of United States progressively tightened export policy rules. Some yea rs later, China entered a war with Korea forcing United States to suspend trade ties with China. In the international scene, United States has always been a major player in trade negotiations. Thus, in order to ensure that no other country participated in trade with China, United States and other countries such as Japan and Britain created the Committee on Multinational Export Controls (COCOM). The main role of this body was to supervise the ban. In fact, by the end of 1951, there were no trade ties between United States and China. In 1971, China recaptured its seat in the United Nations. Thereafter, President Richard Nixon made a historic visit to China. Following intense negotiations between the two nations, COCOM slackened the export controls and allowed China to get equal treatment like the Soviet Union.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Subsequently, this for ced the US to permit its populace to make purchases from the Republic of China and compensate them in dollars. Since then, the total trade volumes between the two nations expanded from zero to nearly $2.4 billion in the late 1970s. This is the year when the two countries formally established diplomatic relations and signed the Trade Relation Agreement (Lehmann and Lehmann 158). This study reveals that this was just the begging of the numerous trade agreements that followed in the subsequent years. Some of them included Agreement on Civil Aviation and Sea Transportation and the Agreement on Avoidance of Double Taxation. In addition, the two countries formed three joint committees on commerce, science, technology, and economic affairs to manage trade relations between the two countries. By 1988, China’s exports had reached over $40 billion and the total trade topped to 480 billion dollars. However, one year later, US suspended its trade engagements with China following the Tian anmen Square incident. Other sanctions included a deferral of authorized and military interactions between the two nations, a ban on the US trade financing and investment insurance for China projects. Additionally, United States imposed a ban on export of military and police equipments to China. On realizing this, China resorted to open door policies to enable it become significant in international markets. For instance, she took apt measures to move state owned businesses towards a market economy in order to encourage foreign investment from other countries. Surprisingly, China’s international trade continued to grow (Table 3). In February 25, 1995, following intense negotiations, the two countries signed an IPR enforcement agreement. The main role of this agreement was to address intellectual property rights and trademarks. In addition, this agreement increased market entrance for products based on intellectual assets. In 1949, China also became a member of the General Agre ement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and World Trade Organisations (WTO). Sadly, the following year, China lost its membership in the two organisations and stayed in the cold for 36 years. Again, China embarked on a strenuous road of negotiations with members allied to GATT/WTO for 15 years. However, it had to reduce tariffs and increase market access for foreign goods and services in order to become a member again. Upon admission into the WTO, China and United States entered negotiations and signed new trade agreements. Moreover, in May 2000, the American House of Representatives passed legislation that granted permanent normal trade relations with China (Halley and Wendell 130-148).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The US-China Trade specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since then, China has remained a principal trade partner of the United States. According to statistics from the US department of trade, China is the fourth largest importer of US commodities. Additionally, it is the eleventh largest purchaser of US commodities after Canada, Japan and Mexico. For instance, in 2000, China’s exports and imports from America accounted for 2.07 % and 8.58 % of its entire exports and imports respectively. On the other hand, China has also benefitted greatly from the United States through importation of various commodities. For instance, by 2000, statistics indicates that China’s overall exports and imports to and from the United States stood at 21% and 9% respectively (Halley and Wendell 150). Some of the key exports from China to the United States include clothing, machinery, sound and reproduction equipment, electrical machinery, apparel, footwear, games and toys. On the other hand, the exports from the US to China include transport equipment, cereal preparations, textile fibres, sound equipment, fertilizers and telecommunications. However, the increasing USA current account de ficit has become an obstacle to smooth trade between the two countries. Other factors include US’s economic sanctions on exports to China, China’s currency relocation to other countries and China’s stumpy labour cost (Table 1). Trade Imbalance Trade imbalance affects the smooth running of international trade. For instance, the two countries have accumulated a trade shortfall of over two hundred billion dollars. This was an increase from $162 billion from the previous year (Table 2). Analysts blame the deficit for the loss of jobs in the US manufacturing industry. Notably, the trade imbalance emanating out of the US trade deficit is consent in disguise for China. In fact, China grows its gross domestic product through international trade. For instance, 80% of the China’s GDP comes from international trade (Halley and Wendell 146). Despite the few done drums, experts assert that the US-China trade relationship is upright and healthy. For instance, the cheap manufactured goods from China have and keep the US inflation rate relatively low. Most importantly, this trend has reduced the burden on the poor and the middle class consumers who are key drivers of the economy. In addition, this trend has helped the US investors to make profits from their ventures, and this has facilitated the reduction of the US’s national debts (Dayer 34-76).Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Currency Wars Recently, the manner in which China treats its currency in foreign exchange markets has elicited criticism from the United States. US criticize the low valuation of the Chinese Yuan citing numerous consequences. Consequently, this makes Chinese products cheaper in America than in China. On the other hand, the US goods have become expensive in China. Furthermore, United States critics assert that China’s defiance to play by international economic rules cripples the ability to compete on a level playing ground. For example, if China increases the value of the Yuan, United States will benefit from her exports to China. However, the main reason of controlling the appreciation of the Chinese Yuan is to promote internal interests such as controlling inflation and making Chinese firms relevant in international markets (Foot 210-214). Protectionism Protectionism remains an obstacle towards effective trade between United States and China. For instance, the congressional uproar in 2005 over the energy security compelled the Chinese energy company to withdraw from the deal involving controlling the shipyards lining the Panama Canal. Correspondingly, China also reacted by stopping the acquisition of the purchase of Chinese firms by firms from the United States. Intellectual property The respect for international property rights is definitely the principal source of anxiety between two countries’ trade relations. In fact, the constant violation of intellectual property rights and piracy are affecting the trade relationship between United States and China. In fact, counterfeit goods are dangerous to any economy. Perhaps this is the reason why very many countries continue to enact new laws to prevent piracy. However, these measures have not fully controlled this menace (Foot 219-254). The Chinese government proposes to impose stricter and rigid IPR enforcement laws. However, the US has threatened to dispute the move by China before the WTO. Nevert heless, the move is not palatable because China might mount a vigorous arbitration procedure in order to win the challenge (Foot 198-216). China’s plan to modernize the economy and promote indigenous innovation China runs its trade affairs based on the National Medium and Long Term Program (NMLP) drafted by the China state council. This document undoubtedly presents an ambitious plan to modernize the structure of the China’s economy. China wants to become a global leader in manufacturing by 2050. The plan proposes the reduction of the China’s dependence on foreign technology by 50 percent. Some of the principal objectives of NMLP by 2020 include development of science and technology hubs, reduction of public expenditure and increasing production. The document also gives priority to the development of other sectors such as aerospace, information technology and space programs. In addition, according to NMLP document, the Chinese government must ensure that there a re strong foundations to initiate domestic innovations. Consequently, this will enhance her economic levels and promote competitiveness in international markets. According to China’s policy makers, this will propel the country to achieve its goals and objectives. China can only achieve these goals through proper formulation and implementation of clear-cut regulations guiding the country’s procurement law (Dayer 43-58). The US-China Trade Concerns Numerous US companies started to raise concerns over the numerous circulars published and distributed from Chinese authorities. These circulars are marketing tools meant to protect and promote the indigenous innovation Product Accreditation System. The US business community expressed deep concerns over the circulars. They argued that they depicted aspects of protectionism, which has negative effects on internal trade. In other words, China preferred domestic firms to win procurement tenders and not those from other countries. According to US, this prohibited non-Chinese firms from participating in the China’s procurement market. US reacted against the China policies terming them discriminatory because they give preference to the Chinese firms. Consequently, this is discrimination to US firms, and she called WTO to review China’s trade internal policies (Dyer 98-145). China’s response to the US concerns The Chinese authority responded to the US concerns over its indigenous invention policies by arguing that they allow both domestic and foreign firms to participate in the tendering process without any discrimination. Moreover, the Chinese authorities even cited some US firms that had won tenders to supply equipments and other commodities. Additionally, during the visit by President Jintao to the US in 2011, the Chinese government stated that it would ratify its invention policies in order to allow fair competition in the procurement market. In the same year, during the US-China tactica l and economic dialogue, the Chinese government pledged to remove all indigenous invention catalogues in order to allow free between the two countries. However, the US economic experts point out that the NMLP document does not encourage free trade competition between the two countries and proposes its withdrawal. Nevertheless, the Chinese government says that it respects the trade agreements with the United States (Lehmann and Lehmann 122-156). Conclusion China is an important player in international markets. However, there is no doubt that the trade relationship between United States and China has been sour at times. However, the two countries have exemplary economic models and trade ties that many countries can borrow. Although numerous agreements govern the US-China trade relations, the two countries know how to solve stalemates whenever they arise. Most importantly, China and United States should acknowledge that the surest way of expanding and modernizing economies is through e conomic and trade reforms. China should also import more in order to help other countries grow economically (Halley and Wendell 126-146). Works Cited Dayer, Roberta. Bankers and Diplomats in China, 1917-1925: The Anglo-American Relationship. London: F. Cass, 2001. Print. Foot, Rosemary. The Practice of Power: Us Relations with China Since 1949. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005. Print. Halley, James, and Willkie Wendell. Beyond MFN: Trade with China and American Interests. Washington, D.C: AEI Press, 2004. Print. Lehmann, Fabrice, and Jean-Pierre Lehmann. Peace and Prosperity Through World Trade. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print. Louis, William, and Bull Hedley. The â€Å"special Relationship†: Anglo-American Relations Since 1945. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2006. Print. Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 This research paper on The US-China Trade was written and submitted by user Derrick Price to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. The US Today it is rather difficult to discuss the US-China relations from one point of view with accentuating only positive aspects of the countries’ relationship which can lead to the effective cooperation or with focusing only on the misunderstandings between the countries which contribute to the development of the competition between the US and China.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The US-China relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The problem of the character of the relations between the US and China is one of the key questions which are actively discussed on the threshold of the election of 2012. Is China a strategic partner or a strategic competitor of the US? Although the US and China do not base their relations on the principles of the open confrontation and seek for the effective cooperation in dealing with many international and domestic questions, there are a lot of aspects according to which th e countries cannot reach the mutual understanding under the influence of the rapid growth of China and determining its strong position at the global arena. That is why it is possible to speak about the US-China relations as tending to a kind of competition or rather suspicious relations as opposite to the situation of the possible partnership. Moreover, the state of affairs can change tomorrow with references to the changes in the world policy and economy. The relations between the US and China have a long history and can be discussed as difficult with accentuating the peculiarities of the policies provided by the US and Chinese governments during different periods of time. The US as the most powerful country in the world was always inclined to control the situation in the globe economy and policy referring to establishing the international relations with the other countries. Analysts also observe the tendencies of the US to control the situation in relations with China. However, to day to control the peculiarities of China’s strategy is difficult because of the country’s rapid economic progress (Sutter, 2010). Politicians from the both countries do not concentrate on the possible conflict in the relations and accentuate the aspects for the further cooperation. Nevertheless, the pressure in the US-China relations is obvious, and it is explained by the misunderstandings in providing the policy connected with such issues as trade questions, energy problem, human rights, and Taiwan problem (Sutter, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If the competition in the field of the economic powerfulness can be considered as rather questionable because of the quite different positions of the countries, the issues mentioned earlier can be discussed as influential for the development of the US-China relations on the principles contradicting to the mutual cooperation. Analyzing the character of the relations between the US and China, it is important to determine the factors which contribute to the development of the relations between the countries as potential partners or as potential competitors. Thus, both countries are inclined to develop the effective partnership in the field of fighting with terrorism and providing the cooperation on the global environmental issues and the questions of the peace and stability. These problems are not connected directly with the economic issues and allow solving the questions favorably for the both countries. However, such factors as the rapid economic growth of China which results in the increase of the country’s influence on the foreign states, and particularly on the US, is crucial for complicating the relations. â€Å"China’s rise is having a large and complex impact on the United States and Asia, and on various global issues† (Lieberthal Pollack, 2012). Moreover, the expanding military potential of China and misunderstandings on Taiwan problem and the role of the US in the conflict contribute to the development of the countries’ mutual suspicions (Garrett, 2006). The difficulties in the US-China relations can be also explained by the countries’ lack of knowledge on the question of their strategic intentions. Thus, today the US makes accents on the fact that it is necessary to develop the dialogue between the countries in order to determine the priorities in their relations and focus on the establishment of the long-term cooperation in order to avoid the possible conflicts and misunderstandings. The US and China are interested in the development of these relations and state that they are strategically important (Sutter, 2010). Nevertheless, a number of controversial questions according to which the views of the governments in both countries are different can prevent the US and China from implementing the healthy relations based on the principles of cooperation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The US-China relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To establish the effective long-term relations, it is significant to achieve the successful solution of the economic and military questions which contribute to forming the disbalance in the countries’ relations. Having analyzed the character of the relations between the US and China, it is possible to note that in spite of the active positions of the countries in relation to the development of the cooperative relations or partnership between them, the situation can be discussed as rather competitive with references to a range of economic factors which influence the peculiarities of the countries’ relations. The countries cannot be considered as open competitors depending on their global positions, but their relations also do not tend to the partnership. However, both countries a re inclined to contribute to their further cooperation. References Garrett, B. (2006). US-China relations in the era of globalization and terror: A framework for analysis. Journal of Contemporary China, 15(48), 389-415. Lieberthal, K. G. Pollack, J. D. (2012). Establishing credibility and trust the next President must manage America’s most important relationship. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/research/establishing-credibility-and-trust-the-next-president-must-manage-americas-most-important-relationship/ Sutter, R. G. (2010). U.S. – Chinese relations: Perilous past, pragmatic present. USA: Rowman Littlefield Publishers. This essay on The US-China relations was written and submitted by user Zeke Beasley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Christopher Wren, the Man Who Rebuilt London

Christopher Wren, the Man Who Rebuilt London After the Great Fire of London in 1666, Sir Christopher Wren designed new churches and supervised the reconstruction of some of Londons most important buildings. His name is synonymous with London architecture. Background Born: October 20, 1632, at East Knoyle in Wiltshire, England Died: February 25, 1723, in London (age 91) Tombstone Epitaph (translated from Latin) in St. Pauls Cathedral, London: Underneath lies buried Christopher Wren, the builder of this church and city; who lived beyond the age of ninety years, not for himself, but for the public good. If you seek his memorial, look about you. Early Training Sickly as a child, Christopher Wren began his education at home with his father and a tutor. Later, he attended school outside of home. Westminster School: Wren may have done some studies here between 1641 and 1646.Oxford: Began astronomy studies in 1649. Received B.A. in 1651, M.A. in 1653 After graduation, Wren worked on astronomy research and became a Professor of Astronomy at Gresham College in London and later at Oxford. As an astronomer, the future architect developed exceptional skills working with models and diagrams, experimenting with creative ideas, and engaging in scientific reasoning. Wrens Early Buildings In the 17th century, architecture was considered a pursuit that could be practiced by any gentleman educated in the field of mathematics. Christopher Wren began designing buildings when his uncle, the Bishop of Ely, asked him to plan a new chapel for Pembroke College, Cambridge. 1663-1665: New chapel for Pembroke College, Cambridge1664-1668: Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford King Charles II commissioned Wren to repair St. Pauls Cathedral. In May 1666, Wren submitted plans for a classical design with a high dome. Before this work could proceed, the fire destroyed the Cathedral and much of London. When Wren Rebuilt London In September 1666, the Great Fire of London destroyed 13,200 houses, 87 churches, St. Pauls Cathedral, and most of Londons official buildings. Christopher Wren proposed an ambitious plan that would rebuild London with wide streets radiating from a central hub. Wrens plan failed, probably because property owners wanted to keep the same land they owned before the fire. However, Wren did design 51 new city churches and the new St Pauls Cathedral. In 1669, King Charles II hired Wren to oversee the reconstruction of all the royal works (government buildings). Notable Buildings 1670-1683: St. Mary Le Bow, at Cheapside, London, UK1671-1677: Monument to the Great Fire of London, with Robert Hooke1671-1681: St. Nicholas Cole Abbey, London1672-1687: St. Stephens Walbrook, London1674-1687: St. James, at Picadilly, London1675-1676: Royal Observatory, Greenwich, UK1675-1710: Saint Pauls Cathedral, London1677: Rebuilt St. Lawrence Jewry, London1680: St. Clement Danes, at Strand, London1682: Christ Church College Bell Tower, Oxford, UK1695: Royal Hospital Chelsea, with John Soane1696-1715: Greenwich Hospital, Greenwich, UK Architectural Style Classical: Christopher Wren was familiar with the 1st Century Roman architect Vitruvius and the Renaissance thinker Giacomo da Vignola, who outlined Vitruviuss ideas in The Five Orders of Architecture. Wrens first buildings were inspired by the classical works of English architect Inigo Jones.Baroque: Early in his career, Wren traveled to Paris, studied French baroque architecture, and met the Italian Baroque architect Gianlorenzo Bernini. Christopher Wren used baroque ideas with classical restraint. His style influenced Georgian architecture in England and the American colonies. Scientific Achievements Christopher Wren was trained as a mathematician and scientist. His research, experiments, and inventions won the praise of the great scientists Sir Isaac Newton and Blaise Pascal. In addition to many important mathematical theories, Sir Christopher: built a transparent beehive to help study beesinvented a weather clock similar to the barometerinvented an instrument for writing in the darkdeveloped improvements in the telescope and the microscopeexperimented with injecting fluids into the veins of animals, laying the groundwork for successful blood transfusionconstructed a detailed model of the moon Awards and Achievements 1673: Knighted1680: Founded the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge. Served as president from 1680 to 1682.1680, 1689 and 1690: Served as a Member of Parliament for Old Windsor Quotes Attributed to Sir Christopher Wren A time will come when men will stretch out their eyes. They should see planets like our Earth. Architecture has its political Use; public buildings being the ornament of a country; it establishes a nation, draws people and commerce; makes the people love their native country, which passion is the origin of all great actions in a Commonwealth...architecture aims at eternity. In things to be seen at once, much variety makes confusion, another vice of beauty. In things that are not seen at once, and have no respect one to another, great variety is commendable, provided this variety transgress not the rules of optics and geometry. Sources Architecture Buildings. Royal Hospital Chelsea, 2019. Barozzi da Vignola, Giacomo. Canon of the Five Orders of Architecture. Dover Architecture, 1st edition, Dover Publications, February 15, 2012. Christopher Wren 1632–1723. Oxford Reference, 2019. Geometry quotes. MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland, February 2019. Geraghty, Anthony. The Architectural Drawings of Sir Christopher Wren at All Souls College, Oxford: A Complete Catalogue. Reinterpreting Classicism: Culture, Reaction Appropriation, Lund Humphries, December 28, 2007. Greenwich Hospital. Great Buildings, 2013. Jardine, Lisa. On a Grander Scale: The Outstanding Life of Sir Christopher Wren. Hardcover, 1 Edition, Harper, January 21, 2003. Schofield, John. St Pauls Cathedral: archaeology and history. 1st Edition, Oxbow Books; 1st edition, September 16, 2016. Tinniswood, Adrian. His Invention So Fertile: A Life of Christopher Wren by Adrian Tinniswood. Paperback, Pimlico, 1765. Whinney, Margaret. Wren. Paperback, Thames Hudson Ltd, May 1, 1998. Windows. St Lawrence Jewry.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Research Proposal Example The aim of this research study is to determine the various challenges faced by women as they climb the corporate ladder. Leadership is the process through which an individual influences the actions of others to achieve the defined goals and directs the personnel, to make organization more coherent and cohesive (L Models ). There was a time when most of the top management positions were given to the male employees because of the supposedly high influence of male. However, the women’s role as leaders in the workplaces is significantly increasing. Increasing number of women is taking the leadership roles that were previously occupied by men therefore, different leadership style of men and women are attracting the attention of researchers (Eagly & Johannesen-Schmidt, 2001). A considerable literature work has been done to study the difference between male and female leadership styles. Most of the research studies support that men usually have more authoritative and assertive leadership style as compared to women. Eagly has analyzed that men and women show nine leadership behaviors with different fre quencies. Women apply more people development, expectations and rewards and role model whereas, men apply more individualistic decision making and control and corrective actions. Moreover, men and women equally apply intellectual stimulation and efficient communication whereas; women are slightly more than man in inspiration and participative decision making (Desvaux & Devillard, 2008). Khankhoje et al highlighted the importance of women leadership role from scientific perspective. In 48 countries, women have occupied highest political offices for example, Prime Minister, President and almost 60 percent increase has been seen in the last decade and a half (Khankhoje, Kb, & Kumar). Moreover, they also stated that male brains is 10% larger than female brains however, women have more nerve